Optimization of Synthesis Conditions of Indigotindisulfonate Lithium Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design Method
Yu Jun,
Wanma Eri,
Sun Shaorui
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-5
Received:
30 November 2019
Accepted:
25 December 2019
Published:
7 January 2020
Abstract: With the developing research on anode materials for lithium ion batteries, organic anode materials have gained increasing attention nowadays. Compared with inorganic anode materials, organic anode materials have numerous material options and extensive sources. Moreover, they consume low energy and can enter carbon cycles, which are environment friendly. indigotindisulfonate lithium is characterized with a unique redox reaction and can be used as an anode material. Indigotindisulfonate Lithium can be produced by using indigo as a raw material sulfonated with fuming sulfuric acid, and further reacted with Li2CO3. Regarding this issue, impacts of various factors under different conditions were investigated, and an orthogonal experimental design method was proposed based on optimization conditions. This method was established through T-6 new century ultraviolet spectrophotometer to determine the influence of different conditions, and develop a best combination based on different microwave powers (w), temperatures (°C), and time lengths (min). In this experiment, the maximum absorption peak was determined by scanning wave length, under which the absorbency was identified and the standard curve was established. In order to determine the optimized synthesis condition of indigotindisulfonate lithium, orthogonal experiment design method was applied combining three levels coupled with four factors. From this study, it is concluded that 550w, 3min, 30°C with an indigo-fuming sulfuric acid concentration ratio of 0.02:1 is the best condition to synthesize indigotindisulfonate lithium.
Abstract: With the developing research on anode materials for lithium ion batteries, organic anode materials have gained increasing attention nowadays. Compared with inorganic anode materials, organic anode materials have numerous material options and extensive sources. Moreover, they consume low energy and can enter carbon cycles, which are environment frie...
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Comparative Determination of Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
Onwukeme Valentine Ifenna,
Etienajirhevwe Omonigho Frank
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
6-12
Received:
21 April 2020
Accepted:
11 May 2020
Published:
3 June 2020
Abstract: Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the passive method. After collection, digestion and extraction, VOCs concentrations in each sample were determined with Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Mean results of analysis showed VOCs in the range of 1.21 - 60.30, 9.12 – 30.80, 5.38 – 66.94 and 7.22 – 101.30µg/m3 for Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company respectively. Results obtained found all the study location to be contaminated with VOCs when compared with critical values for air quality guidelines. It was therefore recommended that as individuals, we should consider the consequences of our actions and work to improve the quality of air for future generation.
Abstract: Twelve air samples were collected from four sampling locations namely Transcorp Power Station, Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Amukpe Flow Station and Platform Petroleum Company and were analyzed for the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Triplicate samplings were carried out within three months for fourteen days using the pas...
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