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Kinetics and Transesterification of the Oil Obtained from Cussonia bateri (Jansa Seed) as a Step in Biodiesel Production Using Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst
Chinwe Priscilla Okonkwo,
Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe,
Matthew Chiemezie Obiadi,
Collins Chibuzor Odidika,
Modestus Okwu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
41-48
Received:
30 August 2021
Accepted:
30 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with an alcohol employing an appropriate catalyst. This study examines the use of jansa seed oil as a low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production. Transesterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol and ethanol catalyzed by snail shell was used to process the biodiesel. In the biodiesel production, the alcohol to oil molar ratio was 12:1, the catalyst amount was 0.75 g, and the reaction temperature was 65°C. The reversible second-order reaction rate was used to characterize the kinetics of FFA transesterification. Kinetic modeling of the biodiesel production process was also carried out in order to determine the sequence of the reaction and estimate the reaction rate constant. The activation energy of the ethyl ester was higher than that of the methyl ester, implying that the ethyl ester would require more energy (slower reaction rate) to activate a molecule for chemical transformation. The reusability of the catalyst for continuous transesterfication runs was investigated under the same operating conditions, and the conversion of the catalyst declined from 99.6 percent to 86.4 percent after the fifth regeneration cycle. Jansa seed oil has the potential to be a valuable raw source for generating fatty oil for the use as an alternate feedstock in the production of biodiesel.
Abstract: The ongoing search for a more sustainable, renewable, and affordable fuel source has necessitated the quest and search for a better diesel. Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly diesel, has been able to solve many of the issues that have arisen as a result of the use of fossil fuels. They are mostly synthesized by transesterification of a FFA with...
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Influence of Pesticides on Increasing Soil Radioactivity
Sadridin Eshkaraev,
Khait Turaev,
Samariddin Eshkoraev
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
49-54
Received:
29 April 2021
Accepted:
19 May 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: The article examines the effect of pesticides on the number of radionuclides in the soil and, therefore, the effect on the health of animals and humans. In the 60s and 80s of the twentieth century, thousands of tons of pesticides were used in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan to combat pests and diseases. For this, more than 500 agricultural airfields have been created throughout the country. Over the years, due to the use of DDT, HCH, and other types of pesticides, oncological diseases of the cardiovascular and digestive systems have increased by 4-7 times. As a result, in the 1990s, using of pesticides in agriculture was banned by the state. However the hundreds of tons of pesticides mixed with the soil at former agricultural airfields and continue to harm the soil to this day. The only one in the Surkhandarya region alone, there are 52 former agricultural airfields, most of which are now used by farms and the population as agricultural land. Between 1990 and 2018, over 45% of the population living this area was diagnosed with digestive cancer, and almost half of them died before the age of 60. According to the Surkhandarya Regional Oncological Dispensary, the incidence of cancer in the region in 2018 increased 12 times compared to 1990. Of the 176 patients who visited the dispensary in 2018, 128 (72.7%) lived in or near former agricultural airfields. It is determined in the article that pesticides penetrate into the porous parts of the soil and form a thin film, preventing the dissolution of radionuclides in water and the transition to the ground part of the earth. This has been studied and proven by electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. It was also confirmed that the concentration of radionuclides increases in soils with a high content of pesticides. The effect of pesticides and radionuclides in the birth of various oncological diseases in the digestive organs of mammals and humans is shown.
Abstract: The article examines the effect of pesticides on the number of radionuclides in the soil and, therefore, the effect on the health of animals and humans. In the 60s and 80s of the twentieth century, thousands of tons of pesticides were used in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan to combat pests and diseases. For this, more than 500...
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Adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) Ions from Their Aqueous Solutions unto Carbonised Orange Peels
Enenche Daniel Elaigwu,
Oklo Ahola David,
Agha Inya Inya,
Akinde Kator Abraham
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
55-61
Received:
20 September 2021
Accepted:
8 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: The presence of heavy metals in the environment and especially water is known to both cause severe harm to marine organisms, and also to terrestrial plants and animals including human beings. In an attempt to minimize environmental pollution caused by agricultural wastes and maximize agricultural by-products, the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ using carbonized orange peel as adsorbent was studied using batch adsorption method. The initial physico-chemical properties of the prepared adsorbent were 6.14, 10%, 12%, 2.0%, and 0.5mg/L for pH, attrition, ash content, moisture content and bulk density respectively. Atomic adsorption spectrophotometer was used to monitor the Pb2+ and Cd2+ concentrations of the simulated test solutions. The optimum values obtained were 97.34% at concentration of 40mg/L for Pb2+ and 93.45% at concentration of 20mg/L for Cd2+, 99.46% at a pH of 7 for Pb2+ and 97.48% at a pH of 6 for Cd2+, 96.76% at a contact time of 80 mins for Pb2+ and 50.05% at a contact time of 100 mins for Cd2+ and 97.36% at an adsorbent dosage of 1.2g for Pb2+ and 91.55% at an adsorbent dosage of 1.2g for Cd2+. The results indicated that carbonized orange peel is a good adsorbent for the removal Pb2+ and Cd2+ from simulated waste water.
Abstract: The presence of heavy metals in the environment and especially water is known to both cause severe harm to marine organisms, and also to terrestrial plants and animals including human beings. In an attempt to minimize environmental pollution caused by agricultural wastes and maximize agricultural by-products, the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ using c...
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